Grayburn, John “Jack” Hollington, 30-01-1918 on Manora Island, India, 
the son of Lionel Markham and Gertrude Grayburn. The family returned to England whilst he was young. From 1931 to 1935 he attended Sherborne School in Dorset 
where he was a member of Abbey House. The philosophy of Abbey House is simple: be who you are, work hard and play hard. As a community, every member will celebrate who you are, as you celebrate who they are. Therein lies the path to mutual growth and flourishing. After leaving Sherborne School he joined the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation.
Grayburn, here right, played rugby for the Chiltern Rugby Club 
between 1927 and 1939 and was a skilled boxer and joined the Army Cadet Force and was posted to the 1st (London) Cadet Force, 
The Queen’s Royal Regiment. In September 1940 he was given an emergency commission to second lieutenant and was posted to the Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry.
Grayburn was promoted to war substantive lieutenant in 1942 and married Marcelle Chambers, 
with whom he had a son, in the same year. However, the Ox and Bucks remained on the home front and Grayburn became bored with the inactivity. Instead he applied to the Parachute Regiment and in June 1943 he was transferred to the 7th (Light Infantry) Parachute Battalion.
The following year he was transferred to the regiment’s 2nd Battalion, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel John Frost,
and took command of 2 Platoon, A Company.
The Battle of Arnhem was part of Operation Market Garden, 
an attempt to secure a string of bridges through the Netherlands. At Arnhem the British 1st Airborne Division 
and Polish 1st Independent Parachute Brigade 
under command of Brigade General Stanisław Sosabowski 
were tasked with securing bridges across the Lower Rhine, the final objectives of the operation. However, the airborne forces that dropped on 17 September were not aware that the 9th SS Hohenstaufen 
under command of SS Oberführer Walter Harzer 
and 10th SS Panzer Frundsberg 
under command of SS Obergruppenführer Wilhelm “Wlly” Bittrich 
divisions were also near Arnhem for rest and refit. Their presence added a substantial number of Panzergrenadiers, tanks and self-propelled guns to the German defences and the Allies suffered heavily in the ensuing battle. Only a small force managed to hold one end of the Arnhem road bridge before being overrun on 21 September. The rest of the division became trapped in a small pocket west of the bridge and had to be evacuated on 25 September. The Allies failed to cross the Rhine, which remained under German control until Allied offensives in March 1945.
1st Airborne Division’s commanding officer, Major General Urquhart, Robert Elliott “Roy”, 
originally planned for the 2nd Battalion to lead the 1st Parachute Brigade into Arnhem to secure the road, rail and pontoon bridges over the Lower Rhine. Frost chose Major Digby Tatham-Warter’s 
A Company to lead the battalion’s march from the drop zones to the bridges, knowing him to be “a thruster if ever there was”. A company was in action almost at once, ambushing a small German recce group near the drop zone. The company moved off through the woods toward the river road, with each platoon taking turns to lead] There was a brief plan to advance the platoons by jeep once out of the woods, but German forces were encountered shortly afterwards and the idea was not followed up. Grayburn had just arrived at a road junction 
and headed north when the men behind him came under enemy fire After laying a smokescreen he led a charge that cleared the enemy positions. Tatham-Warter lacked confidence in the Airborne radio equipment and had trained his platoons to use bugle calls; it was with the charge that Grayburn signalled that the advance could be resumed.
A Company was not significantly delayed by the German patrols it encountered later, although the presence of cheering Dutch crowds delayed the whole battalion as it passed through Oosterbeek As they approached the railway bridge, C Company detached to capture it, but German engineers blew the bridge just as the British were starting to cross it. A Company now encountered enemy armoured cars, but successfully skirted them by manoeuvering through the back gardens of the houses on either side of the road At 8pm, as darkness fell, Grayburn’s platoon led A Company into Arnhem centre and under the main ramp of Arnhem road bridge. Tatham-Warter deployed his platoons around the ramp; 2 Platoon covered both sides of the northernmost extreme of the ramp where it fed into the town centre.
Grayburn did not fire on the occasional German traffic still using the bridge, preferring not to advertise the Allied presence until the rest of the battalion had arrived. Upon his arrival, Lieutenant colonel Frost, John Dutton “Johnny” 
began securing more buildings around the ramp, and a small section attack was made on the bridge. The German defenders quickly repulsed this however and Tatham-Warter organised a stronger attack, to be led by Grayburn.
As soon as it was sufficiently dark, Grayburn led his platoon along the ramp to the bridge, their faces blackened and their boots muffled with strips of torn up curtains. The platoon moved forward on either side of the girders along the sides of the road, but was quickly spotted by enemy forces on the bridge. Grayburn was shot in the shoulder but continued to press his men on, until the withering enemy fire became too intense and he was forced to pull them back. He was the last person to descend from the ramp into cover.
Over the next few days, every man of the 700 or so who had made it to the bridge and whether a combat trooper or not, was engaged in the defence of the British perimeter. A Company was sited in the buildings on either side of the ramp nearest the river, and on Monday 18 2 Platoon occupied a house on the east side. This sector came under increasing attack from tanks and infantry of the 10th SS Panzer Division, and the building was later burnt down.
Death and burial ground of Grayburn, John “Jack” Hollington.
The rest of the division made several efforts to reinforce Frost’s men, but were unable to break through the German forces that surrounded the bridge. The exact disposition of the British troops subsequently became more confused as the battle developed into house to house fighting. Tatham-Warter took command of 2nd Battalion on Tuesday 19, and Grayburn temporarily took command of A Company after Tatham-Warter’s designated replacement was wounded. Grayburn led several fighting patrols that forced the Germans to commit more armour but as Wednesday 20 dawned, the British position was becoming untenable. As the Germans squeezed the perimeter they laid explosives on a section of the ramp crossing a road next to the riverbank, lest XXX Corps 
under command of Lieutenant-General Brian Horrocks 
should break through and capture the bridge from the south. Horrocks forces stocked already just across the border with Belgium in Valkenswaard. 
Grayburn led another patrol that forced the enemy away from the arch while Royal Engineers removed the fuzes. Grayburn was wounded again but quickly returned after being treated, now with his head bandaged and arm in a sling. German infantry later returned to relay the charges and a second patrol went out to remove them. A German tank had come forward to cover the arch, but in order to direct his men to better positions Grayburn stood up in full view of it. The tank’s machine gun killed him instantly.
Frost’s perimeter gradually shrank as men and ammunition ran low, and Frost himself was wounded on 20 September. A brief ceasefire was held later that day to allow the evacuation of wounded men in danger of becoming trapped and being burned alive in the cellars of wrecked buildings. Despite the best efforts of the remaining men to hold out overnight, they were finally overrun in the early hours of 21 September.
Grayburn after his death, was buried on the bridge embankment close to where he was killed. 
His remains were recovered in 1948 and added to the Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery. Section 13. C .11. and his Victoria Cross is displayed at the Parachute Regiment and Airborne Forces Museum in England.
