Breith, Hermann Albert.

Breith, Hermann Albert, born on 25-05-1892 in Kirchheimbolanden, Pfalz, the son of Karl Ludwig Breith and his wife Friederike Karolina, entered the Army Service on 21-09-1911 as a Fahnenjunker in the 18^th Königlich Bayerisches Infanterie-Regiment “Prinz Ludwig Ferdinand”  to 07-07-1913. Detached to the Bavarian War School in Munich and from 21-08-1913 transferred to the 5^th Bavarian Filed Artillery Regiment. When World War I started, he came to the front as a Leutnant with the 2^nd Battery of the 5^th Bavarian Field Artillery Regiment and was taken ill in hospital in December 1914. Recovered he was back with the 5^th and from 10-03-1915 detached as Instructor to the Training Course for Officers Aspirants of the 3^rd Bavarian Infantry Division  to April 1915. He was seriously wounded in the spring of 1918 near Metz, France, due to a aircraft bomb, in hospital  to July 1918. He was awarded with the Iron Cross and Wounded Orden on granted leave to regain his health and taken over in the new 100.00 men Reichswehr, seven Artillery and three Calvary Divisions. Promoted to Hauptmann on 01-01-1923, Major on 01-04-1933, Oberstleutnant on 01-12-1935 and Oberst on 01-04-1938. Major Breith, commander of the II. Department / Motor Vehicle Command Zossen, married his fiancée Ina Gertrud Hill in Berlin on 26-01-1935 (born 19–3-1916 in Königsberg). Her parents were Wilhelm Hill and his wife Emilia Gertrud, born Berger (daughter of the leather goods manufacturer Johann Berger and Theresa, born Freymuth in Ermland Braunsberg). As an Oberst and commander of the 35^th Artillery Regiment, he was involved on the Western front. In April 1940 he was assigned to commander of the 127^th Artillery Command and on the Eastern front. At the end of December 1941 he was released of his post and landed in the Führer Reserve. In January 1942 he came to the Artillery School I and in April 1942 as commander of the Artillery School II and promoted to Generalmajor. Becoming Generalleutnant, he now was Commander of the Artillery School I and from Mai 1944 again in the Führer Reserve (see Adolf Hitler) (did you know). At last, on 01-07-1944 after D-Day, he became a battlefield commander again, of the 4^th Mountain Division , he succeeded Oberst Karl Jank  who died age 78, on 24-08-1975, in Munich and Breith received the Ritterkreuz with Silber. On June 6, 1944, tens of thousands of soldiers storm the French coast near Normandy: D-Day, Operation Overlord the beginning of the end of the Second World War. It is mainly Americans, British and Canadians who play a leading role, but the invasion is also important for the Netherlands: Dutch soldiers play a supporting role and for many residents the long-awaited liberation begins with D-Day. To this day, the invasion still appeals to the imagination. “They threw bombs as if they were gingerbread nuts.”

The 4th Mountain Division took part in the 1941 Balkans Campaign and then joined Army Group South in Operation Barbarossa after it was already underway.

On 22 June 1941 Hitler launched Operation ‘Barbarossa’, the invasion of the Soviet Union. It was the beginning of a campaign that would ultimately decide the Second World War.Hitler regarded the Soviet Union as his natural enemy. He aimed to destroy its armies, capture its vast economic resources and enslave its populations, providing the Lebensraum (or ‘living space’) that Hitler believed Germany needed in the East. German forces attacked towards Leningrad in the north, Moscow in the centre and the Ukraine in the south. Hitler expected a rapid victory. The Soviet Army was large, but poorly trained and badly led. Its senior commanders feared the Soviet dictator, Joseph “Koba” Vissarionovich Stalin, as much as the enemy now crashing through their defences.

In this campaign Army Group South was led by Generalfeldmarschall der Panzertruppe, Gerd von Rundstedt

and his Chief of Staff Erich von Manstein . The 91.000 German POWs taken at Stalingrad, 27.000 died within weeks and only 5-6,000 returned to Germany by 1955. The remainder of the POWs died in Soviet captivity. On 02-02-1943, the organized resistance of Axis troops in Stalingrad ceased. Out of the 91.000 prisoners taken by the Soviets, 3.000 were Romanian. These were the survivors of the 20^th Infantry Division , 1^st Cavalry Division and “Colonel Voicu” Detachment. According to archival figures, the Red Army suffered a total of 1.129.619 total casualties; 478.741 men killed or missing and 650.878 wounded. These numbers are for the whole Don region; in the city itself 750.000 were killed, captured, or wounded. Anywhere from 25.000 to 40.000 Soviet civilians died in Stalingrad and its suburbs during a single week of aerial bombing by Luftflotte 4 as the German 4^th Panzer and 6^th Armies approached the city; the total number of civilians killed in the regions outside the city is unknown. In all, the battle resulted in an estimated total of 1.7-2 million Axis and Soviet casualties. In 1942 it participated in the failed attempt to seize the Caucasus under  Army Group A under General Field Marshal der Infanterie, Wilhelm Sigismund List.

As German fortunes in the east waned the division was pushed back into the Kuban bridgehead, the Crimea, the western Ukraine, Hungary and Slovakia, finally surrendering to the Soviets near Czech Olomouc when the war ended in May 1945.

      At the end of the war he came in Soviet captivity and first, after ten years imprison, released on 06-10-1955 by the strains of the Chancellor Konrad Adenauer   Friedrich Breith lived in Zweibrücken where he at the very old age of 90 died, on 09-07-1982. He is buried with his wife Sophie, born Zeppla, who died age 79 in 1945, on the cemetery of Zweibrücken.

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