Entress, Friedrich Karl Hermann.

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Entress, Friedrich Karl Hermann, born on 08-12-1914 in Posen, a Polish-Prussian province, to a Employee of the Poznań University Library and graduated in medicine in either 1938 or 1939. Friedrich was able to receive his doctorate in 1942 without writing a dissertation, “a privilege granted to Germans from the east” He had grey eyes and dark blonde hair and was described as having a “Nordic” profile. According to Michael Hans Kater, a German historian of Nazism, Entress was part of a vigilante group of ethnic Germans that was supported by the Schutzstaffel (SS), and after the German invasion of Poland he joined the SS-Totenkopfverbände. under command of SS Obergruppenführer Theodor “Papa” Eicke    Entress departed to various concentration camps as an SS doctor, starting with a post at Gross-Rosen concentration camp in 1941.

Gross-Rosen was a concentration camp located in Silesia near the current Polish city of Rogoznica from 1940 until its liberation by the Red Army on 14-02-1945. In 1940 it was a sub-camp of Sachsenhausen, from 1942 it was, like Natzweiler-Struthof, designated a Nacht und Nebel camp, where people had to disappear without a trace. In total, almost 125,000 people were imprisoned in Gross-Rosen or one of the dozens of subcamps, of whom around 40,000 died.

Entress was at the main Auschwitz camp between 11-12-1941 and 21-10-1943. During the last seven or eight months (March 1943 to 20 October 1943) at Auschwitz, he became camp physician at Buna-Monowitz workcamp, also part of the Auschwitz camp system. Subsequently, Entress in October 1943 became senior physician at Mauthausen-Gusen. By 1945, he was an SS surgeon. He would participated in selections for the gas chambers.

On the death toll among inmates at Monowitz, where IG Farben had manufacturing facilities, Entress later commented, “The turnover of inmates in Monowitz was enormous. The inmates were weak and malnourished. It should be emphasised that the performance demanded of the inmates was not in accord with their living conditions and nutrition” Entress conducted human medical experimentation at Auschwitz, along with SS Hauptsturmführer Helmut Vetter and SS Obersturmbannführer Eduard Wirths, where he operated in “Block 21” and was paid by the Bayer pharmaceutical subsidiary of IG Farben  to test experimental drugs against typhus and tuberculosis (TB). Vetter’s main task was to make the selection upon arrival of a new transport of Jews. He determined which Jews were still usable to work and which Jews should be sent to the gas chambers. After the war, Vetter was found guilty of committing crimes against humanity. He was hanged in Landsberg Prison , age 38 on 02-02-1949. SS Man Eduard Wirths had formal responsibility for everything undertaken by the nearly twenty SS doctors (including SS Hauptsturmführer Josef Mengele,

SS Sturmbannführer Horst Schumann and SS-Gruppenführer der Reserve Carl Clauberg ) who worked in the medical sections of Auschwitz between 1942 and 1945. SS Sturmbannführer Horst Schumann in 1966, was extradited from Ghana to West Germany where the trial against him was opened in Frankfurt on 23-09-1970. Charged with killing 30,000 Jews, Schumann admitted to killing as many as 80,000 Jews, saying “I have no numbers”. However, Schumann was released from prison on 29-07-1972 due to his heart condition and generally deteriorating health. Schumann died on 05-05-1983, age 77, 11 years after he had been released. As Robert Jay Lifton has observed “…Schumann has great importance for us because of what he did – intense involvement in both direct medical killing and unusually brutal Auschwitz experiments – and what he was – an ordinary, but highly Nazified man and doctor. Carl Clauberg survived the war and died  09-08-1957, age 58, in Kiel.

SS officers in Gross-Rosen bid farewell to SS platoon commander Hafer (who was responsible for building).Among those pictured are the commandant, Athur Roedl (with the dog), Obersturmfuehrer Hermann Michl (behind him), Anton Thumann (far right) and probably Dr. Friedrich Entress (third from the left).

Experiments included collapsing the lungs of people with TB. Establishing a TB ward, he perfected the technique before killing all those on the ward by injecting lethal doses of phenol directly through the chest wall and into the victims hearts, allowing up to 100 people to be killed each day. He became a key player in the organisation and administration of killings by phenol. The practice may have been used to cover up the results of experimental medical procedures, including surgery, that he and other doctors at the camp carried out despite not having surgical qualifications. In 1942, he gave Bayer associate Helmut Vetter approval to test TB drug Rutenol, an arsenic acid derivative.

Josef Mengele, who had arrived at Auschwitz in May 1943, five months before Entress left for Mauthausen-Gusen, carried on TB work at Auschwitz from 1943.

At one time, Czech Doctor Physician Karel Sperber worked under Entress.Karel Sperber OBE (1910–1957) was a Jewish Czechoslovak surgeon who travelled to England after the Nazi invasion of his country, but unable to practice medicine because he was an alien, took a job as a ship’s doctor instead and was captured by Axis forces when his ship was sunk by the Germans.

He was sent to Auschwitz concentration camp where he was forced to help the SS doctor Carl Clauberg in his sterilisation experiments on Jewish women. He was awarded the Order of the British Empire in 1946 for the medical services he provided to prisoners of war. He became a ship’s doctor again and worked for the British Colonial Medical Service in Ceylon, and then in Ghana where he died in.1957 (aged 46–47) in Accra, Gold Coast.

Death and burial ground of Entress, Friedrich Karl Hermann. 

The commandant Arthur Roedl is in the center. Scond from the left is probably Dr. Friedrich Entress. SS-Obersturmführer Anton Thumann is in the first row, right. Thumann in 1946 he was found guilty, sentenced to death and executed at Hamelin prison as Entress, on 08-10-1946, age 38,

Entress was captured by the Allies in May 1945, when he was serving as a surgeon with an SS tank division. At the Mauthausen-Gusen camp trials in 1946 he was sentenced to be executed by hanging. Entress did not testify in his own defence but petitions for clemency were received after the verdict from his wife Else and from Entress himself. The petitions were rejected and he was hanged on 28-05-1947, age 32, at Landsberg Prison. He was buried at the Landsberg cemetery between may other Nazi criminals.

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