Baum, Herbert. born 10-02-1912 Moschin, 
Province of Posen, German Empire. Herbert’s family moved to Berlin when he was young. After he graduated from secondary school there, he began an apprenticeship as an electrician, which became his profession.
By 1926, he was an active member of different left wing and Jewish youth organizations, and from 1931 he became a member of the Young Communist League of Germany (KJVD). 
The Young Communist League of Germany, ( abbreviated KJVD) was a political youth organization in Germany.
After the seizure of power by the National Socialists he began, together with his wife Marianne Baum (09-02-1912 -18-08-1942) and their friends, Martin and Sala Kochmann 
, 
to organize meetings dealing with the threat of Nazism, meeting in the Kochmann drawing room and in the apartments of other members. The circle of friends, most of whom were Jewish, designated Herbert Baum as chairman. Up to 100 youths attended these meetings at various times, engaging in political debates and cultural discussions. The group openly distributed leaflets arguing against National Socialism. Sala, age 30 on 16-07-1942, and other members of the group were sentenced to death by Special Court V at the Berlin Regional Court and murdered in Plötzensee 
on 18-08-1942.
In 1940 Baum was rounded up and forced into slave labour at the electromotive works of the Siemens- Schuckertwerke (today Siemens AG). From 1941, he headed a group of Jewish slave labourers at the plant, who, to escape deportation to concentration camps, went into the Berlin underground.
On 18-05-1942, the group organised an arson attack on an anticommunist and anti-Semitic propaganda exhibition known as The Soviet Paradise prepared by Joseph Goebbels 
at the Berliner Lustgarten. The attack was only partially successful and, within days, a large number of the group’s members were arrested and 20 were sentenced to death. Baum and his wife Marianne were arrested on May 22. Herbert Baum was tortured to death in Moabit Prison, dying on 11-06-1942, age 30. The Gestapo 
reported his death as a suicide. His wife, Marianne, was executed in Plötzensee Prison on 18-08-1942. Listing of some of the Baum Group’s members with their dates of birth and death; they were all executed in Berlin-Plötzensee on 04-03-1943: Heinz Rotholz (1922–1943), 
Heinz Birnbaum (1920–1943), 
Hella Hirsch (1921–1943), 
Hanni Meyer (1921–1943), 
Marianne Joachim (1922–1943), 
Lothar Salinger (1920–1943), 
Helmut Neumann (1922–1943), Hildegard Löwy 
and Siegbert Rotholz (1922–1943). 
There is some disagreement as to the manner of death of at least one of the members. Helmut Neumann was either hanged or decapitated.
There is a plaque 
in the Weißensee Cemetery in Berlin commemorating the Herbert Baum Group and there is also a street near the cemetery named after him, Herbert-Baum-Straße. In the Berlin Lustgarten a monument designed by Jürgen Raue was erected in 1981 memorializing the 1942 attack. 
While the East German government, which established these memorials, emphasized Baum’s allegiance to Communism, other historians (as well as veterans of the group) have noted his group’s multiple political and cultural influences and the significance of the Baum group as an example of Jewish resistance to Nazism.
Most of these activists, like Baum, were Jewish and had backgrounds in the pre-1933 German-Jewish youth organizations, and most were affiliated with the German Communist Party (KPD), 
the Social Democratic Party (SPD), 
and/or their youth movements. While often described as a “Communist” (KPD) organization, in reality the Baum Group was a leftist organization (or network of small groups) that included socialists, anti-Stalinist leftists, some who were influenced by anarchism, and so on.
Baum, Herbert died 11-06-1942 (age 30) either murdered or committed suicide Berlin, Germany and is buried Jüdischer Friedhof Berlin-Weißensee, Pankow, Berlin, Germany. Gravefield P1, Memorial ground P1, Memorial Square).
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