Franz Xaver Schwarz the Reichsschatzmeister (National Treasurer) of the Nazi Party.

05-07-2017

Schwarz was born 27 November 1875  in Gunzburg, the seventh of eight children born to a master baker and his wife.  He was educated to a high school level at the Günzburger vocational training school. Schwarz married Bertha Breher on 26 August 1899. From 1900 to 1924, except for the war years of 1914 to 1918, he worked as an “administrative official” in the city government of Munich. During World War I, Schwarz served as a second lieutenant in the German Army  Due to gastric troubles which afflicted him for his entire life (he was considered 30 percent disabled in that war), he was spared field duty beginning in 1916.

Schwarz here with Heinrich Himmler  joined the Nazi Party in 1922.  Schwarz participated in the failed Beer Hall Putsch of November 1923. With the re-establishment of the Nazi Party in Germany on 27 February 1925, Schwarz became party member number six. He left his job as an accountant at the Munich City Hall to become the full-time treasurer of the Nazi Party on 21 March 1925. He rebuilt the financial and administrative functions of the party. It was Schwarz who raised the money for the publication of Hitler’s book, Mein Kampf . In April–May 1930 Schwarz negotiated the purchase of the party headquarters, the Brown House  at 45 Brienner Straße in Munich

From 16 September 1931 forward, Schwarz had control of all financial matters of the Nazi Party. He was elected to the Reichstag in 1933, representing the Franconia electoral district and continued thus to the end of World War II. He was also named a Reich Leader, which was the second highest political rank of the Nazi Party. Hitler attended Schwarz’s 60th birthday celebration on 27 November 1935 . Hitler’s will, dated 2 May 1938 (which left his entire fortune to the party) included the provision that it be opened in Schwarz’s presence.

Besides the party treasury (largely based on membership dues), Schwarz was responsible for the central assignment of NSDAP unique membership numbers. When members died or stopped paying dues, the old numbers were not freed up for new members. If old members picked up their dues later a new party number would be assigned. Ten million membership numbers had been assigned by 1945, with about 2.4 million active members. Schwarz’s able administration of party funds ensured a cash balance of one billion Reichmarks by the end of the war.

Schwarz, here with Rudolf Hess and Robert Ley  was regarded as an able administrator who generally kept out of party politics. For instance he is only mentioned twice in Joseph Goebbelss diaries. The first time (9 April 1926), Goebbels wrote dismissively of him, but by November 1944, the Propaganda Minister’s attitude had changed; he now regarded Schwarz as one of the most reliable and respectable party men. 

In June 1933, Schwarz joined the SS, and his SS number was 38,500. On 1 July 1933 he was appointed SS-Obergruppenführer. Later, he was one of only four people to have held the rank of SS-Oberst-Gruppenführer”, The other three Oberste were: Sepp Dietrich, Kurt Daluege (these two being awarded the rank on the same day as Franz Schwarz), and Paul Hausser. and, of the four, the only one to hold the rank as an honorary title without equivalent Ordnungspolizei or Waffen SS rank. That high rank was granted him on Hitler’s birthday, 20 April 1942. Xaver Schwarz, her with his wife and Eva Braun

  belonged to the Nazi inner circle on the Berghof in Bavaria.

On 5 June 1944, Schwarz was granted a high military award, the War Merit Cross , 1st class with Swords (Kriegsverdienstkreuz 1. Klasse mit Schwertern) by Hitler for his work during the Munich air raids of 24–25 April of that year. Further, Schwarz led a Volkssturm battalion in Grünwald at the end of the war. He was arrested by the Americans.

Schwarz died in an Allied internment camp near Regernsburg on 2 December 1947, due to recurring gastric troubles. He was 72. In September 1948, Schwarz was posthumously classified by the Munich de-Nazification court as a “major offender”

  

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  1. The sentence “Later, he was one of only four people to have held the rank of SS-Obergruppenführer…” should read: “Later, he was one of only four people to have held the rank of SS-Oberst-Gruppenführer…”, spelt this way to avoid confusion between the ranks (there were 91 SS-Obergruppenführen). The other three Oberste were: Sepp Dietrich, Kurt Daluege (these two being awarded the rank on the same day as Franz Schwarz), and Paul Hausser.

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